Design
The design process consists of selecting a preferred alternative in conjunction with the environmental process, the evaluation of design standards, and the preparation of a plans, specifications, and cost estimate (PS&E) package in conformance with these standards. The design process is outlined below.
The concept phase will begin at the same time as the environmental phase begins. The goal during the concept phase is to establish the purpose and need for the project, as well as design standards. Furthermore, possible alignment alternatives are evaluated and ranked based on environmental impacts, functional considerations and costs.
Once the concept is approved, the preliminary design phase begins. This phase consists of studies and information gathering that will be required for further environmental studies and final design. Such studies include geotechnical reports, hydrology/hydraulics studies and the evaluation of structural requirements (for bridges, box culverts and other structures).
Final design consists of preparing detailed plans for the proposed roadway and any proposed structures.
These plans, along with specifications (contract documents) and a construction cost estimate are then prepared for bidding purposes. The PS&E package preparation cannot begin until the environmental and right-of-way approvals have been obtained.